⚗️ Hydrocarbons
ALADDIN
Alkane vs Alkene vs Alkyne
Alkane = All single bonds (saturated). Alkene = has a double bond. Alkyne = has a triple bond. Memory: All Linear, Alkane Double = Doesn't apply, It's sIngle only.
⚗️ Hydrocarbons
CnH(2n+2)
Alkane Molecular Formula
Alkanes follow CnH(2n+2). Methane=CH4, Ethane=C2H6, Propane=C3H8. Each carbon adds 2 H's plus the 2 end H's.
⚗️ Hydrocarbons
MEMO: 1-4 gases, 5-17 liquids, 18+ solids
Alkane Physical States
At room temperature: C1–C4 alkanes are gases (methane, ethane, propane, butane). C5–C17 are liquids. C18+ are solids (wax, tar).
⚗️ Hydrocarbons
E/Z = Examine substituents on each carbon of double bond
E/Z Isomerism
E (from German 'entgegen' = opposite): higher priority groups on opposite sides. Z (from German 'zusammen' = together): higher priority groups on same side. Use Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules.
⚗️ Hydrocarbons
'More H = more saturated = less reactive'
Degree of Unsaturation
Degrees of unsaturation (DoU) = (2C + 2 + N - H - X) / 2. Each ring or double bond = 1 DoU. Triple bond = 2 DoU. Benzene ring = 4 DoU.